Glossary Terms

The basic cells that make up articular cartilage (the tissue covering the ends of bones where joints are formed).

Extracellular Vesicles or EVs are sub-cellular packages released by MSC. EV have shown potential to deliver therapeutic effects.

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Human-induced articular chondrocytes- originate from human iPSC that are differentiated to articular cartilage cells which comprise the tissue at the end of bones.

Human-induced extracellular vesicles- originating and secreted from hiMSC.

Human-induced mesenchymal stromal cells- originating from hiPSC and differentiated to MSC.

Human-induced pluripotent stem cells- originate from adult human cells and through laboratory reprogramming can give rise to or differentiate to become any cell type in the body; these cells self-renew indefinitely in the laboratory.

Plastic-adherent cells that can be isolated from bone marrow, adipose, and other tissue sources. These cells have the capacity to differentiate into bone cells, cartilage cells, muscle cells and fat cells. Studies have shown MSC may have therapeutic effects through their secretome.

Supports cartilage formation.

The analysis of proteins.

Proteins expressed and secreted by cells.